Earthquake and Tsunami Preparedness: A Complete Guide

Introduction

Natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis can strike without warning, causing widespread destruction. Preparing in advance can mean the difference between life and death. This guide will help you understand the risks, prepare effectively, and respond appropriately when an earthquake or tsunami occurs.

What is an Earthquake?

Earthquakes occur due to the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth’s surface. Some are mild and barely noticeable, while others can be devastating. In British Columbia, four types of earthquakes occur:

• Subduction Zone Earthquakes (high magnitude, tsunami-triggering)
• Deep Earthquakes (weaker shaking but widespread impact)
• Crustal Earthquakes (near the surface, can cause severe damage)
• Transform Fault Earthquakes (lateral movement along the Queen Charlotte Fault)

Before an Earthquake: Preparation is Key

1. Make a Plan

• Identify the safest spots in your home (under sturdy furniture, away from windows)
• Set up a family emergency communication plan
• Practice earthquake drills regularly

2. Learn About the Canadian Earthquake Early Warning System

• Alerts issued via TV, radio, and mobile devices
• Immediate action: Drop, Cover, and Hold On

3. Store Emergency Supplies

• Water: At least four liters per person per day
• Food: Non-perishable items for two weeks
• First Aid Kit: Bandages, medications, and essential documents

4. Prepare Your Home

• Secure heavy furniture to walls
• Store breakable items in low cabinets
• Know how to turn off utilities in an emergency

5. Consider Earthquake Insurance

• Home insurance does not always cover earthquakes
• Contact an insurance provider to explore options

During an Earthquake: Staying Safe

6. Drop, Cover, and Hold On

• Drop to your hands and knees to prevent falling
• Cover your head and neck with your arms
• Hold On to something sturdy until the shaking stops

After an Earthquake: What to Do Next

7. Assess Your Surroundings

• Check for injuries and administer first aid
• Be prepared for aftershocks
• Evacuate if necessary

What is a Tsunami?

Tsunamis are massive waves caused by underwater earthquakes. They can travel at jet-plane speeds and cause catastrophic flooding.

Before a Tsunami: Know Your Plan

1. Know Where to Go

• Identify evacuation routes in your area
• Move to higher ground immediately after an earthquake

2. Know Your Zone

• British Columbia has five tsunami zones; check which one you live in

3. Understand Tsunami Alerts

• Warning: Dangerous flooding expected
• Advisory: Strong currents likely
• Watch: Threat not yet determined

During a Tsunami: Take Immediate Action

4. Drop, Cover, Hold On, Then Move to Higher Ground

• After shaking stops, immediately evacuate to higher ground
• Stay there until officials declare it safe

After a Tsunami: Recovery and Safety

5. Follow Official Guidance

• Wait for the “All Clear” signal
• Seek shelter and emergency aid if needed

When you feel the ground shake or receive an alert, immediately:

1. Drop to your hands and knees. If you’re inside, stay inside – don’t run outdoors or to other rooms
2. Cover your head and neck with your arm and take shelter under a sturdy piece of furniture. If there is no shelter nearby, crawl to the nearest interior corner or wall while continuing to protect your head and neck
3. Hold On to your shelter, covering your head and neck until the shaking stops

When the shaking stops… 

• Count to 60 before getting up, giving displaced objects a chance to settle
• Stay calm and move cautiously, checking for unstable objects and other hazards above and around you
• Do not call 911 to report an earthquake. Only call 911 for serious injuries
• Follow all directions from local authorities and first responder personnel

For additional resources see:

https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/safety/emergency-management/preparedbc/know-your-hazards/earthquakes-tsunamis/earthquakes

https://vancouver.ca/home-property-development/earthquake.aspx

Conclusion

Being prepared for earthquakes and tsunamis can save lives. By planning ahead, knowing the warning signs, and acting quickly, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from disaster.

FAQs

1. What should I do if I’m driving during an earthquake?
   • Pull over safely, stay inside, and avoid bridges or tunnels.
2. How can I help children cope with earthquake anxiety?
   • Practice drills, explain safety steps calmly, and create a family emergency plan.
3. What should go into a grab-and-go emergency bag?
   • Water, food, first aid kit, flashlight, extra clothing, and important documents.
4. Are tsunamis always caused by earthquakes?
   • No, landslides and volcanic eruptions can also trigger tsunamis.
5. How often should I update my emergency preparedness plan?
   • At least once a year, or after significant life changes.